![]() ![]() ![]() The group primarily focused on creating and distributing anti-Nazi pamphlets and anti-Nazi graffiti. The White Rose was a non-Jewish resistance group created by Professor Kurt Huber and his students (including brother and sister Hans and Sophie Scholl) at the University of Munich. By that time, the group had grown to 1,230 people, 70% of which were women, children, or elderly. In mid-1944, the area was liberated by the Soviet army. The group refused to turn people away, and the community grew to include a synagogue, bakery, school, synagogue and a basic hospital.Īs well as ensuring the survival of the group itself, several members also carried out sabotage missions, helped escape attempts, and attacked German and Belorussian officials suspected of antisemitic persecution. By 1942, the group had grown to over seven hundred people.Īs the Germans increased raids to crack down on the partisans in late 1943, the group moved to the Naliboki forest, west of Minsk, which was less accessible and therefore better protected. However, the group soon grew and helped others to escape. Initially, their aim was to simply survive and rescue their own family. After their parents and two of their siblings were murdered by the Nazis in the Nowogrodek ghetto, Tuvia, Asael and Zus Bielski escaped fled to the nearby forests. Who survived the Holocaust by hiding in the forests of Belorussia. The group were severely punished for their actions – in total 32 members of the Baum group were murdered by the Nazis, in addition to several of their family and friends who were sent to concentration camps. Although the fire was put out fairly quickly, one section of the exhibition was destroyed. In 1942, they set fire to a prominent Nazi exhibition in Berlin entitled Soviet Paradise which sought to ridiculeĪnd identify Jews with the Soviet system. In 1941, they spread information regarding the Nazi atrocities on the eastern front. Prior to the Second World War, the group focused on producing anti-Nazi leaflets and anti-fascist graffiti.Īfter 1939, the group’s actions became more aggressive. The group was founded shortly after the Nazis rise to power in 1933 and its members were mostly young Jews who had Zionist and communist sympathies. The Baum group was an underground resistance movement based in Berlin and led by Herbert and Marianne Baum. Some aimed to sabotage the Nazi war efforts by destroying equipment, some helped people escape from camps and ghettos, and others These groups had a variety of different aims. One common way of resisting Nazi rule and persecution was participation in resistance groups and networks. Other armed uprisings also took place in the largest extermination campĪnd other smaller camps, such as Janowska in eastern Poland. Two hundred prisoners managed to escape, but one hundred were recaptured and murdered. , where one thousand prisoners revolted and set fire to the extermination camp. Approximately one hundred escapees were recaptured and shot.Ī similar uprising took place six weeks earlier on 2 August 1943 in Three hundred prisoners managed to escape the barbed wire and cross the minefield which surrounded the camp. , these efforts culminated in the Sobibór Uprising of 14 October 1943, during which eleven SS guards were killed. However, whilst difficult, some still managed to create underground groups – undetected by the Nazis – where they coordinated efforts to resist. ![]() Many of those involved were either killed while fighting or caught, tortured, and deported to extermination camps.Īs with ghettos, armed resistance in camps was extremely difficult to organise and carry out. In addition to the uprising in Warsaw, several smaller uprisings took place such as theĭespite the desperate efforts of those involved, most of the armed uprisings were quickly crushed by the Nazis. The most famous of these armed uprisings was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, which took place from 19 April 1943 –. Despite these obstacles, several armed uprisings did take place. Armed uprisings were difficult to organise, as most ghettos had high security measures and if resistors were caught they faced harsh punishments. These movements resisted Nazi rule through distribution of illegal newspapers and radios, sabotage of forced labour efforts for the war, aiding escape from ghettos, and armed uprisings. In response to their imprisonment, around one hundred underground resistance movements developed within the ghettos. Within the camps and ghettos of Nazi occupied Europe, there were several instances of resistance through armed uprisings.įollowing the start of the Second World War in September 1939, the Nazis imprisoned hundreds of thousands of Jews in ghettos across occupied Europe. ![]()
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